Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, is often referred to as the "Red Planet" due to its distinctive reddish appearance, caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface. Located about 228 million kilometers from the Sun, Mars has a thin atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide. The planet features a diverse landscape, including the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons, and the deep canyon system, Valles Marineris. Mars has been a major focus of exploration, offering insights into planetary geology, past water activity, and the potential for future human exploration.